Learning to Exercise With, Not Against, Your Cycle
Emily Bergin
March 2024
Across the world, approximately 26% of the population menstruates each month.[1] The majority of these individuals experience their first period between the ages of 10 and 16 with it lasting for about 50 years after, eventually encompassing more than 50% of their lifespan.[1]
Many individuals suffer from negative symptoms during this time, encompassing both physical and psychological pain.[1] Despite the commonality and long duration of this experience, few truly understand the changes that occur during this time of the month and what can be done to mitigate them. Thus, this time of the month is often met with apprehension and dread, especially when it comes to exercise. In reality, education is significantly needed to teach individuals how to work with and not against their cycles. Exercise has been proven to be a great coping mechanism for many of the negative side effects of the menstrual cycle.[2] However, it is important to understand how different phases of the menstrual cycle may help and hurt exercise performance.
The follicular phase is the first part of the cycle where hormones are generally low and symptoms rare.[3] Thus, this tends to be the best time of the month to push hard in exercise. Long runs, heavy lifting and other intense exercise are best done when during this time of the cycle.[3]
The end of the follicular phase is met with ovulation, about two weeks before the next period will begin, and this is the time when estrogen levels are the highest. The elevated mood and energy that comes with this makes it a great time to push for new heights in exercise.[4]
The next phase, the luteal phase, is marked by a slight rise in an individual’s temperature.[3] While often unnoticed, this raising of body temperature can make exercising in hot and humid climates more difficult. Additionally, a rise in progesterone during this phase increases resting heart rate and breathing rate, which can cause additional strain and make exercise feel harder than previous phases.[3] Moderate exercise is often better for this time, but simply the knowledge that performance may take a hit during this phase can help alleviate psychological burden.
During actual menstruation, exercise can be a great tool to help mitigate negative symptoms. Once the period starts, levels of estrogen and progesterone begin to rise and are higher than they’ve been in previous weeks, making it a bit easier for individuals to find the energy and strength to exercise. Many individuals find that exercise reduces cramps and can help boost mood for those who find this impacted during their cycle.[4]
Overall, everyone experiences a different range of symptoms to a different degree during their menstrual cycle. Knowing what to expect can help with better understanding your body and being informed on what adjustments can be made to keep exercise enjoyable and beneficial.
Learning to embrace the ebbs and flows can make for a more enjoyable and thoughtful exercise experience.
References
[1] Rohatgi, A., & Dash, S. (2023). Period poverty and mental health of menstruators during COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons and implications for the future. Frontiers in global women’shealth, 4, 1128169. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2023.1128169
[2] Samadi, Z., Taghian, F., & Valiani, M. (2013). The effects of 8 weeks of regular aerobic exercise on the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in non-athlete girls. Iranian journal ofnursing and midwifery research, 18(1), 14–19.
[3] Rose, A. (2021). How (and why) to cycle your exercise with your menstrual cycle. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/fitness/female-hormones-exercise
[4] Office on Women’s Health. (2021). Physical activity and your menstrual cycle. US Department of Health and Human Services.
Autism in Women: Why it Can Easily Fly Under the Radar
Lisa Samy
March 2024
Rachel Moseley, a Psychology Lecturer at Bournemouth University, recounts how she had endured bullying, social isolation, and depression throughout her adolescence.[2] Her strange incapability to fit in with everyone else was a shadow that loomed over her head for years.[2] However, when she received an autism diagnosis during adulthood, it felt like a “light in the darkness.”[2] She stopped blaming herself for her differences and found her footing in the world.
Still, this revelation isn’t the norm for many autistic women; in truth, autistic women constantly struggle to be understood by friends, family, and even medical professionals.[2]
Society’s View of Autistic Men vs Autistic Women[1][4]
The medical world has largely treated autism as a traditionally “male” condition, with studies showing that men are four times more likely than women to receive a diagnosis successfully.[1][4] The traits and behavior problems autistic men display are a contributing factor, since they tend to be obvious and visible, such as aggression or hyperactivity.[4] On the other hand, women tend to internalize their symptoms, with these categorized as the following: sensory sensitivity, intense interests, social difficulties, and often coexisting conditions (ADHD, eating disorders, depression, etc.).[2][3][4]
It doesn’t help that the comprehension of autism within the medical community derives mostly from research conducted on autistic men[3] This leads to medical professionals having a minimal understanding of autistic traits unique to women. They’re more likely to brush off women seeking an autism diagnosis, discouraging women from ever seeking professional help again.
As autistic girls grow up, most become adept at hiding their autistic traits. Incidentally, there is a word that autistic women use to describe this behavior: masking.[1][2] They may mimic the behavior of people nearby, force themselves to make eye contact with others, or prepare jokes and phrases in advance for a social setting.[4]
In an autistic woman’s world, every social interaction is a challenge—not a time for leisure. If
they slip up, they risk becoming prime targets for harassment and bullying.[2] Therefore, their “social disguise” becomes the only way they can feel they can navigate their lives. Still, this mask isn’t without its drawbacks. Suppression of their symptoms undoubtedly contributes to the low diagnosis rates.[4]
The Grim Consequences of Going Unnoticed
Studies show that autistic women have higher rates of poor mental health compared to autistic men.[4] When their narratives are weaved by neglect and powerlessness, it’s no surprise that this is the reality. It also seems that the time of diagnosis and mental health are inextricably connected.[4] An earlier diagnosis naturally leads to fewer mental health risks, while a later or even no diagnosis fuels the deadly flames of mental illness.
Sometimes, the outcome is a grim one—indeed, there are high rates of suicide among undiagnosed autistic women.
A Rocky Road to Support
Many autistic women who struggle to obtain a professional diagnosis often peruse online forums and social media for a like-minded community of autistics. While this is certainly beneficial, it should not be the only way they feel they can comfortably find help. A professional diagnosis can provide easier access to a multitude of resources.[3] For instance, it can open up the pathway to receiving cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), social skills training, or medications for coinciding mental illnesses.[1][3] Also, it can provide a welcomed gift of validation and support that autistic women have long craved
The truth is this: when we focus on increasing awareness, we give autistic women the courage to seek out a diagnosis, bolstering their chances of attaining acceptance and freedom from shame.
References
[1] Autism in Women: Why We Get Diagnosed Late. A Center for Mental Wellness. https://www.acfmw.com/autism-in-women-why-we-get-diagnosed-late
[2] Moseley, Rachel. (2023). Like many women, I didn’t know I was autistic until adulthood – how late diagnosis can hurt mental health and self image. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/like-many-women-i-didnt-know-i-was-autistic-until-adulthood-how late-diagnosis-can-hurt-mental-health-and-self-image-212561
Scientists have proven that humans have been reading and writing for about 5,000 years.[4] This can be traced back to 3,000 BCE in Ancient Mesopotamia.[4] Literacy rates have drastically risen in the last 200 years.[4] Reading has not only been used for acquiring knowledge and information from academic fields, but has long been a staple activity done for pleasure. I am unsure if it was always consciously well-known, but reading has now been proven to impact mental health.
I fell in love with books at the tender age of 4. Once I learned how to read on my own, I became consumed by a plethora of stories written by children’s authors. My love for reading evolved as time went on. As a teen, reading became an escape from the effects of teenage angst. In a 2021 study by Civic Science, it was discovered that 44% of adults read for fun every single day. Therefore reading is a healthy escape.[3]
When you go to the doctor, they sometimes ask you if you have been experiencing any stress or anxiety lately. Stress levels are at an all-time high due to the state of the world. Relational and systemic problems plague our daily lives. If your doctor advised you to read more as a form of routine stress management, would you do it? We are often tense, we may feel our muscles aching and our chests tightening when feeling stressed. “Reading can lower your heart rate and ease tension in your muscles.”[2]
I mentioned that reading was an escape from my teenage angst and it is still one of my favorite escapes. Reading is deemed a healthy escape for a multitude of reasons. It helps us to become more creative, more understanding, feel less alone, etc. Most people can create visuals as they read. This allows them to become further entrenched in what they are reading. Literary fiction, in particular, has been found to improve empathy. This is due to the fact that “literary fiction focuses more on the psychology of characters and their relationships.”[1] I am an avid reader of literary fiction and I become enthralled by the inner worlds of a character or all characters presented in a story through introspective dialogues. Literary fiction is a genre that emphasizes social behaviors and often teaches readers about human differences. This, in turn, may help us to develop a better understanding or empathy for those who are different from us. At the same time, we must keep in mind that different book genres can help us become more resilient, and empathetic as well as help us with social skills, mindfulness, and so on.
I have recently discovered “Bibliotherapy.” According to Psychology Today, it is a mental health intervention that is basically reading therapy. “It mainly refers to structured book reading programs run by libraries, clinics, or schools with the purpose of promoting recovery in people with mental health difficulties. The term bibliotherapy is also used to refer to self-initiated book reading pursued by an individual with mental illness. This can be supported by a clinician, family member or peer supporter, or pursued alone.” [5]
“Several studies have examined whether bibliotherapy can facilitate recovery from mental illness.”[5] According to multiple studies, women read more than men do. However, reading can benefit everyone’s mental health, and I would like to encourage people to try finding books or genres that they enjoy reading. If you do not like to read physical books or e-books, you can try listening to audiobooks. While reading will not fully eradicate the mental health crisis in the United States, it can improve your mental health.
Reading should be accessible to everyone. There are often literacy programs at public libraries that will assist in learning how to read. I would also like to encourage others to obtain a library card. “I am aware that this is not always possible due to not having a permanent home address, among other reasons, among other reasons, but it is worth trying.” A library card can give you access to free books and programs in person and through apps like the Libby app. Additionally, places to purchase inexpensive books include eBay and local used bookstores. Since reading can be a healthy coping strategy, it is important to be aware of the benefits that reading can offer to individuals and the benefits to mental health. Reading may have a surprising impact on your life!
References
[1] Chiaet, J. (2013, October 4). Novel Finding: Reading Literary Fiction Improves Empathy. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/novel-finding-reading-literary-fiction-improves-empa thy/
[2] National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2020). Why Reading is Good for Mental health. NAMI California. https://namica.org/blog/why-reading-is-good-for-mental-health/
[3] Rittenberg, J. (2021, June 10). 44% of U.S. Adults Who Like to Read, Do So for Fun Every Day. CivicScience. https://civicscience.com/44-of-u-s-adults-who-like-to-read-do-so-for-fun/#:~:text=In%20a%20ne w%20survey%2C%20CivicScience,for%20fun%20every%20single%20day.
[4] University of Texas Permian Basin. (2024). The Evolution of Literacy Education. University of Texas Permian Basin.
[5] Whitley, R. (2019, May 24). Can Reading Books Improve Your Mental Health?. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/talking-about-men/201905/can-reading-books-improv e-your-mental-health
Despite the amount of biology, anatomy, and even sex education classes taught in schools, the vast majority of people still do not grasp the basic foundational knowledge of menstruation or female health and sexuality in general. Unfortunately, this can be for so many reasons such as the unwillingness of society or the government to invest in women’s health education, the idea of menstruation or female sexuality being shameful, a taboo, or just simply “disgusting” or “unimportant.”
It is time to start from scratch.
Menstruation is simply monthly bleeding that occurs in the female body, famously known as the “period,” or jokingly, “the time of month.” It is the biological flow of blood and tissue, from the shedding of the uterine lining traveling all the way to the cervix and then eventually unleashed through the vagina. Not the vulva. The vulva is the external part of the female genitals while the vagina is the inner muscular channel that connects the vulva to the cervix.
As a whole, the menstrual cycle is the sequence of events or phases that take place in the body to prepare for pregnancy and reproduction. The normal average length of a menstrual cycle is 28 days. There are four phases: menstrual, follicular, ovulation, and lumenal phases. This guide will explain all of the phases of cycles in the simplest ways possible.
Starting with day one, if pregnancy still has not occurred, the lining of the uterus( endometrium) shreds through the vagina.
Follicular Phase
This is the first day of the period when estrogen levels increase which leads to the uterine lining growth and thickness
Ovulation Phase
This is the last day of the period where you ovulate. At this time, estrogen is still on the rise but along the way, there was a sudden rise in another hormone. This hormone is called the luteinizing hormone aids in making the ovary unleash its eggs.
Luteal Phase
After the eggs get unleashed from the ovary and make their way through the fallopian tubes to the uterus, the level of progesterone begins to increase in the process of preparing the uterine lining for pregnancy.
Pregnancy will occur if the egg becomes fertilized with sperm and the egg becomes implanted too. However, if not then all levels of hormones will drop and the thick lining of the uterus sheds during the period.
If you would like to learn more about menstruation and the menstrual cycle in detail then stay tuned for future articles explaining cycles and more detailed information about menstruation.
References
[1] Parenthood, Planned. “What Is Menstruation?: Get Facts about Having Your Period.” Planned Parenthood, professional. [2] Cleveland Clinic Medical. “Menstrual Cycle (Normal Menstruation): Overview & Phases.” Cleveland Clinic.
The speculum is often cited as the most uncomfortable part of a gynecologist visit.[10] It lies at the center of an important preventative health care service: the pelvic exam.[16] The speculum is a medical instrument that has two arms that meet at a hinge – the arms look similar to a duck’s bill.[6] The health care provider inserts the speculum into the vagina and opens the speculum to widen the vaginal walls so the provider can view the vagina and cervix more easily.[6] For many individuals, the speculum causes pain and discomfort.[4] This is unsurprising given that the modern speculum has remained essentially unchanged since 1870.[15] In addition, physicians have not yet widely adopted practices that may reduce a patient’s pain and anxiety during the pelvic exam.[7]
The speculum’s origins may inform some of the issues patients experience today. The modern speculum has a legacy of causing pain: it was invented by James Marion Sims in the 1840s when he conducted experiments on slave women – Lucy, Anarcha, and Betsey – without anesthesia even though it was available at the time.[12] Needless to say, the speculum was not designed with the patient’s comfort in mind. Sims did not use anesthesia while developing the speculum because he held the erroneous belief that black people did not experience pain like white people did.[12] In addition, the women were further stripped of their autonomy because Sims only required consent from their owners to conduct the experiments.[12] Today, around 35% of women* experience pain or discomfort during pelvic exams and about 35% of women experience fear, embarrassment, or anxiety before or during the pelvic exam.[4]
The speculum is not specialized enough to be used for all populations who require its use.[24] Since pain and emotional discomfort are subjective experiences, providers should utilize an individualized approach for speculum insertion and pelvic exams.[19] As Roger Fillingim, director of the Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence at the University of Florida, indicates, “you treat the pain that the patient has, not the pain that you think the patient should have.”[3] According to various studies, it appears that educating patients about pelvic exams and specula as well as encouraging patients’ personal control during the exam may decrease pain and emotional discomfort.[8],[19] Informing patients that pain is not normal and informing them of pain management options may improve patient outcomes during pelvic exams as patients can try to mitigate the pain before it occurs.[20] Given that the pelvic exam places people in a vulnerable position, it makes sense that bolstering the patient’s autonomy could ease the psychological discomfort surrounding the exam.[9] For example, based on research findings, certain women indicated that they would feel more comfortable with the speculum insertion if their provider informed them of each step of the process or allowed them to look at the speculum before the exam.[24],[9] Others indicated that they would likely feel more comfortable if the provider gave them the option to insert the speculum themselves.[2]
While pain and emotional discomfort should be considered for updating the speculum and how it is used, such issues are trivialized when reported by women. Women’s pain is often perceived as an overreaction rather than reality in part because women are more likely to express pain.[3] More often, physicians prescribe less pain medication for women than for men.[11]
Providers also seem unwilling to adopt new specula into practice if they have not been rigorously tested because the current speculum is the standard.[24] There are both economic barriers and social barriers to testing. Historically, women have been excluded from medical research. For example, the National Institute of Health did not require that scientists account for sex as a variable in medical research until 2015.[22] It also appears that there is a gender bias against studying medical issues that primarily affect women. When analyzing funding allocation among diseases, the United States National Institutes of Health applied a disproportionate portion of its resources to diseases primarily affecting men.[17] Issues arising from the use of the speculum or updates to the procedure have likely not been addressed or publicized to the majority of the population given that the last general overview of the speculum was published in 2008.[24]
In addition to the unwillingness to fund research surrounding speculum updates, doctors may not adopt new tools or updated practices due to cost. The current speculum is inexpensive, rarely needs replacing, and is easy for practitioners to use.[7] Lack of insurance coverage and limited provider time to see patients may affect the provider’s ability to utilize pain management options or individualized solutions to pain and emotional discomfort.[7]
By failing to address the physical and emotional harm the speculum causes, women’s health is impacted. For example, while cervical cancer is preventable through regular screenings, researchers have found that the rates of timely cervical cancer screenings for eligible adults have decreased since 2005.[23] One of the main ways to screen for cervical cancer is through a pap smear, also known as a pap test, during the pelvic exam.[18] Using the speculum, the health care provider checks for any irregularities and then collects cells from the cervix that are later tested for signs of cervical cancer.[6] According to data from 2018, only about 51% of women go to the gynecologist at least once per year[14]. Lack of access to health care remains a significant problem for marginalized groups, especially Black women.[13] However, lack of access as a reason for being overdue for a cervical screening declined overall.[23] By contrast, pain continues to be a significant factor in whether people continue seeking cervical cancer screenings.[13] More specifically, some studies indicate that people refrain from seeking cervical cancer screenings because they have experienced pain during the pap smear in the past.[13] The decline is screenings is concerning considering the American Cancer Society estimates that there will be approximately 13,820 new cases of invasive cervical cancer diagnosed in 2024.[1]
In order to improve patient experiences and reproductive health overall, it appears more funding is required for speculum updates. Patients should also be better informed about the speculum and the pelvic exam. Lastly, providers should become zealous advocates for their patients and make their patients feel comfortable undergoing these essential diagnostic procedures.
*This article uses “women” and “men” when the underlying source uses these categories. This article recognizes that women are not the only population that goes to the gynecologist.
References
[1] American Cancer Society. (2024, January 17). Key Statistics for Cervical Cancer. Cervical Cancer Statistics. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cervical-cancer/about/key-statistics.html.
[2] Bergman, S. (2022, June 20). How enduring use of 150-year-old speculum puts women off smear tests. The Independent. Retrieved February 10, 2024, from
[4] Bloomfield H.E., Olson A., Cantor A., et al. Screening Pelvic Examinations in Asymptomatic Average Risk Adult Women. Washington (DC): Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 2013 Sep. RESULTS. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK224895/
[5] Chaney, P. (2020, March 18). Speculum Speculations: The Past and Future of an Iconic Gynecology Instrument. Empowered Women’s Health. https://www.volusonclub.net/empowered-womens-health/speculum-speculations-the-past-and-fut ure-of-an-iconic-gynecology-instrument/#:~:text=The%20speculum%20is%20a%20familiar,unc hanged%20for%20over%20150%20years.
[6] Cleveland Clinic. (2022, October 3). Speculum. Speculum: Design, Purpose, Types, Exams & What to Expect. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/24238-speculum
[10] Haar, E., Halitsky, V., & Stricker, G. (1977). Patientsʼ Attitudes toward Gynecologic Examination and to Gynecologists. Medical Care, 15(9), 787–795. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-197709000-00006.
[11] Hoffmann, D. E., & Tarzian, A. J. (2003). The Girl Who Cried Pain: A Bias Against Women in the Treatment of Pain. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 13–27. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.383803.
[12] Holland, B. (2018, December 4). The ‘Father of Modern Gynecology’ Performed Shocking Experiments on Enslaved Women. History.com. https://www.history.com/news/the-father-of-modern-gynecology-performed-shocking-experimen ts-on-slaves
[13] Hoyo, C., Yarnall, K. S. H., Skinner, C. S., Moorman, P. G., Sellers, D., & Reid, L. (2005). Pain predicts non-adherence to pap smear screening among middle-aged African American women. Preventive Medicine, 41(2), 439–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.11.021
[14] IPSOS Global Advisor. “Global Views On Healthcare.” IPSOS, 2018, www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2018-07/global_views_on_healthcare_201 8_-_graphic_report_0.pdf.
[15] Kent, C. (2020, September 10). Does the vaginal speculum need a redesign?. Medical Device Network. https://www.medicaldevice-network.com/features/does-the-vaginal-speculum-need-a-redesign/?c f-view.
[17] Mirin, A. A. (2021). Gender Disparity in the Funding of Diseases by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Journal of Women’s Health, 30(7), 956–963. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2020.8682
[18] National Cancer Institute. (2023, August). Cervical Cancer Screening. Cancer Trends Progress Report. https://progressreport.cancer.gov/detection/cervical_cancer.
[22] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Not-OD-15-102: Consideration of sex as a biological variable in NIH-funded research. National Institutes of Health. https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not-od-15-102.html?itid=lk_inline_enhanced-tem plate.
[23] Winstead, E. (2022, February 22). Why Are Many Women Overdue for Cervical Cancer Screening?. Rate of Overdue Cervical Cancer Screening Is Increasing.
[24] Wong, K., & Lawton, V. (2021). The Vaginal Speculum: A Review of Literature Focusing On Specula Redesigns and Improvements to the Pelvic Exam . Columbia Undergraduate Research Journal, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.52214/curj.v5i1.8084.
The Underrepresentation of Women in Research and Clinical Trials
Emily Bergin
February 2024
Whether we are talking about the people conducting and authoring research or the individuals who serve as the participants in the studies, the same fact remains true; women are disproportionately underrepresented in medical research.
Background
This is not a new phenomenon. In fact, conditions today are much better than they used to be. Historically, researchers have held the misguided view that females’ biology is more “variable” than male’s due to their hormonal cycles, providing them a reason to exclude female subjects (both humans and rats) from clinical trials.[1]
True Differences
There are important differences to be noted between women and men on certain medications. Women tend to experience higher blood drug concentrations and often take longer to eliminate a drug from their body, making it incredibly necessary to test new drugs on both men and women.[1] In certain sectors such as cardiology, women are also found to be more likely than men to have side effects from medication at the same dose.[2]
The same remains true for women in the medical research workforce, with only 9% of graduates in 1970 identifying as women.3 Despite this growing to 48% in 2018, leadership positions in medicine have not reflected the same rising trend. Women remain underrepresented in full-time medical school staff, research investigators, department chairs, and deans.[3]
Despite progress in terms of the number of women authors of published research, the change is not reflected in positions of authority. Women are still underrepresented in senior authorship positions and significantly less likely to be named in the positions regarded as most prestigious, first and last, when the authors are listed.[4, 5]
Harmful Exclusion
Addressing this problem in clinical research involves first understanding the extent of harm caused by the unbalanced inclusion of participants in the scientific world. Once a study is complete, the findings are intended to be adopted into the target population to improve outcomes.[6] However, if the majority of male participants are included, the results will not be generalizable to the entire human population.
This can result in major consequences for women who are recommended a regimen of medication that has only been tested on men. For clinical trials in cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death among women, rates of female participation sit around 29%.[2] This has huge consequences for drugs that affect the genders differently as a recent study found women obtained the optimal benefit from a heart failure drug at just 50% of the dose that men need.[2] This isn’t just true for medications either. When it comes to implantable devices like defibrillators, women are markedly underrepresented in trials.[2] Landmark research trials report rates as low as 14% for female participants, raising huge concerns over the efficacy of these devices in different bodies.[2]
Finding the Cause
There is a range of reasons as to why women disproportionately fail to participate in trials. Remaining beliefs surrounding the increased difficulty of studying women no doubt play a role. Women also face unique barriers to clinical trial participation such as the logistical barriers that come with often being responsible for children in a caregiving role.[2, 6] This holds true for those serving as research participants in clinical trials as well as those attempting to gain higher-ranking academic and industry positions.[3] Women also tend to be perceived as less committed or able due to their additional life responsibilities leading to less opportunities and income.[3] The issue of representation in research and medicine may seem benign, but in reality, it has far-reaching consequences for both women’s health and success in the workplace. Excluding women from these areas leads to medical consequences for inadequately studied pharmaceuticals as well as the perpetuation of harmful stereotypes surrounding the perception of women in medicine that only reinforces this dangerous cycle.[7]
References
[1] Zucker, I., Prendergast, B. J., & Beery, A. K. (2022). Pervasive Neglect of Sex Differences in Biomedical Research. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology, 14(4), a039156. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a039156
[2] Cho, L., Vest, A. R., O’Donoghue, M. L., Ogunniyi, M. O., Sarma, A. A., Denby, K. J., Lau, E. S., Poole, J. E., Lindley, K. J., Mehran, R., & Cardiovascular Disease in Women Committee Leadership Council (2021). Increasing Participation of Women in Cardiovascular Trials: JACC
Council Perspectives. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 78(7), 737–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.06.022
[3] Blumenthal, K. G., Bansal, P., Youssef, C. M., & Pappalardo, A. A. (2023). Women in Allergy and Immunology: The Future Is Female, Let Us Soar!. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice, 11(12), 3569–3577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2023.06.010
[4] Bagga, E., Stewart, S., Gamble, G. D., Hill, J., Grey, A., & Dalbeth, N. (2021). Representation of Women as Authors of Rheumatology Research Articles. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 73(1), 162–167. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.41490
[5] N. Pyatigorskaya & L. Di Marco. (2017). Women authorship in radiology research in France: An analysis of the last three decades, Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, 98(11), 769-773. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211568417301912
[6] Bierer, B. E., Meloney, L. G., Ahmed, H. R., & White, S. A. (2022). Advancing the inclusion of underrepresented women in clinical research. Cell reports. Medicine, 3(4), 100553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100553
[7] Wanted: women in research. (2010). Nature neuroscience, 13(3), 267. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn0310-267
Empowering Women’s Health: The Impact of Medical Technology
Robinett Espinal
January 2024
In the constantly changing field of medicine, the relationship between women’s health and technological breakthroughs is a bright spot of hope and progress. We are living in a new era where cutting-edge medical advancements combined with the unique healthcare needs of women have improved the diagnosis, treatment, and overall well-being of women globally. In addition to improving the accuracy of medical procedures, this intersection has created opportunities for a more proactive and individualized approach to women’s health. As we explore the complex relationship between women’s health and the rapidly developing field of medical technology, a significant shift is taking place that could lead to improved healthcare outcomes for women around the world.
Diagnosis
One of the most significant impacts of medical technology on women’s health is apparent in the realm of diagnostics. Modern imaging methods have improved the precision and early identification of breast cancer, including AI-enabled ultrasounds and three-dimensional mammography. With the use of these technologies, medical personnel may see breast tissue more thoroughly and detect abnormalities early on, when they can be more effectively treated.
Latest imaging technology can improve diagnosis accuracy by eliminating guesswork or serving as a confirmation tool.
More proactive approaches to women’s health have been made possible by advancements in genetic testing, which extend beyond breast cancer. Genetic testing, like the BRCA test, can reveal a person’s vulnerability to inherited diseases. Preventive treatments can be chosen wisely by women with a greater risk profile, opening the door to early interventions or customized screening procedures. The capabilities of medical technology are further increased by the use of artificial intelligence in diagnostic procedures. AI algorithms are capable of identifying trends and abnormalities, which is especially helpful for women’s health since an accurate diagnosis is essential for a positive prognosis.
Medical technology has a significant influence on the diagnosis of illnesses affecting women. This combination of advances, ranging from genetic tests revealing inherited disorders to imaging methods that improve the accuracy of breast cancer detection, leads to a more proactive and customized approach to diagnosis. The diagnostic landscape for women’s health is expected to flourish from continued improvements in technology, which present new opportunities for early intervention and improved treatments.
Treatment
Technology has been instrumental in the development of new treatment techniques. Surgical operations, where robotic-assisted surgery has refined techniques and greatly enhanced results, are one of the main fields in which these developments shine. Robotic-assisted surgery allows for more accurate, minimally invasive surgeries by fusing the precision of robotic equipment with the experience of doctors. Utilizing robotic devices allows doctors to perform intricate treatments with greater ease. Gynecological surgeries are made less invasive as robotic-assisted surgery allows for tiny incisions that lessen the physical toll on patients and speed up the healing process. The technological breakthroughs allow women to return to their regular lifestyles with faster recovery time.
The use of assisted reproductive technology has revolutionized the field of reproductive health. For some couples struggling with infertility, in vitro fertilization (IVF) has emerged as a ray of hope. Technological breakthroughs in IVF, including pre-implantation genetic testing, have considerably improved success rates. The healthiest embryos can be chosen for implantation with the help of time-lapse imaging, which makes it possible to monitor embryo development continuously. Genetic problems can be identified thanks to PGT, increasing the chances of a successful pregnancy.
Women now view their general well-being in a completely different way as a result of the incorporation of digital health solutions. Telehealth services have improved accessibility to healthcare by enabling women to consult with medical professionals online. With this, women in underserved or rural areas can receive specialist treatment without having to travel far. Health applications and wearable technology have given women the power to take an active role in their healthcare journey. From monitoring exercise and diet to tracking menstrual cycles, these technologies offer insightful data that advances our understanding of people’s health comprehensively.
Women now have more effective and individualized healthcare alternatives thanks to the merging of women’s health and medical technology, which resulted in a new era of improved treatment techniques. Given the ongoing growth in medical science, it seems likely that the options available to women seeking medical care will continue to improve.
Overall Health
By incorporating technology into healthcare procedures, women’s general well-being is being positively transformed. Innovations in technology have acted as catalysts to enhance women’s health in many areas, leading to a more customized and comprehensive approach to care.
Women are now more equipped than ever to actively monitor and manage their health thanks to digital health solutions like wearable technology and health apps like Flo. These technologies offer insights into many aspects of health, including measuring activity levels, dietary consumption, and menstrual cycle tracking. Technology empowers women to make lifestyle decisions that enhance their general well-being by encouraging a proactive and knowledgeable approach.
The incorporation of technology has also aided in supporting women’s mental health. Women have access to techniques for stress reduction, relaxation, and emotional health through mental health applications and internet resources. These resources’ accessibility aids in addressing mental health issues and promoting an expanded approach to general well-being. The relationship between women’s health and advances in medical technology is a source of great hope for future improvements in general well-being as technology develops. Technological healthcare innovations are creating opportunities for women to have more agency, information, and tailored support when navigating their health journeys, which will ultimately lead to a comprehensive improvement in their well-being.
Osteoporosis – Make No Bones About It: A Serious Health Issue for Women of All Ages
Karen Spooner-Bunn
January 2024
According to an online article written by the staff at Portland, Oregon-based medical clinic, Generations Family Practice, the top five women’s health issues are cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, osteoporosis, depression and mental health, and autoimmune diseases. Among these, osteoporosis is the most common.
In women, Osteoporosis exceeds the rates of stroke, heart attack, and breast cancer combined. The National Osteoporosis Foundation states that one in four men will break a bone in their entire lifetime due to osteoporosis. In contrast, one in two women will break a bone in their entire lifetime due to osteoporosis, thus indicating the high risk and prevalence of osteoporosis in women.
Osteoporosis Fast Facts
Osteoporosis is a disease of the bones that causes them to weaken. It is also known as the “silent disease” because symptoms may not be apparent.[2] This information is crucial to our understanding of what this means for us as we age and for those of us already there!
Age plays a large role when discussing Osteoporosis risk factors.
Case in point, a senior who just a week ago celebrated her 71st birthday, had been as and is experiencing a deterioration of bone density (aches and pain in knees and hip; this had an overwhelming effect on her ability to enjoy social events and fully participate in what once were considered daily activities; and also became less independent, needing assistance often to do things that were often done independent of help This woman held memberships at various gyms, pilates studios, dance classes, moved heavy furniture, lifted heavy objects; for close to 40 years, all the while taking supplements regularly, (with the exception of Calcium), and eating healthy sporadically. She felt she would be and stay in pretty good shape; but not thinking particularly of “bone health”, proved to be a serious error in thinking and/or judgment as her bones aged.
A second article posted on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s website (hereinafter known as CDC) detailed in several reports over a period of years how those with osteoporosis are much more likely to break bones in the hip, forearm, wrist, and spine. CDC added that most bones that are broken are caused by falls, and osteoporosis can significantly weaken bones more readily, causing them to break more often and much easier, even just by coughing or bumping into an object.[3]
Osteoporosis is said to affect a person’s health and well-being drastically because broken bones can alter activities of daily living. For instance, a broken bone in the spine will begin to collapse and can cause people to lose height and not be able to stand erect. Women who are 50 and older are said to be 20% of those with osteoporosis, versus 5% of the male population. Surprisingly, an article from the CDC states that broken hips are the most serious of all broken bones.[4] So, many people with broken hips will need assistance, and will not be able to live alone. Sadly people with broken hips are more likely to die sooner.[4]
The National Library of Medicine provides a comprehensive summary of osteoporosis in females and the disease’s impact on life for women who have the disease as well as life expectancy, gender disparities, and recent progress made in the treatment of osteoporosis.[6]
In summary, Osteoporosis is a health issue that, according to medical experts, a disease that is prevalent among women, so it is with urgency that knowledge and awareness of how it can rapidly deteriorate bones, thus having a consequential effect on the quality of life.
[2]Bonehealthandosteoporosis.org Generationsfamilypractice.com (Osteoporosis fast facts) [3] WWW.CDC.gov Center for Disease Control and Prevention (genomics and precision health) [4] Centerfordiseasecontrol.com (how can osteoporosis affect my health)
CarevixTM: A Modern Device to Combat Outdated Gynecological Practices
Lula Dalupang
January 2024
The tenaculum is a gynecological instrument over a century old, created during the Civil War by Dr. Samuel-Jean Pozzi. Inspired by a forcep bullet extractor used on the battlefield, Pozzi mimicked the shape of the tool to create the “Pozzi forcep”, now known as the modern-day tenaculum[4]. This instrument, with its pointed teeth-like ends, is utilized in gynecological procedures to stabilize the cervix. Since the teeth pierce through the cervical tissue, 89% of women experience severe pain when undergoing tenaculum-based traction.[1] Despite developing different techniques for tenaculum stabilization, studies found neither attempted solution reduces pain by a significant amount[3]. Dr. Martin Winkler even compared the tenaculum to a “butcher’s hook”(2022). Women should not have to suffer due to outdated medical practices while living in the age of modern technology.
This is why Aspivix reimagined the tenaculum with an innovative, atraumatic device: the CarevixTM. This device replaces the sharp teeth of a tenaculum with a much friendlier semi-circular, vacuum-like head. Soft-suction technology allows for cervical engagement without painfully perforating the tissue during various transcervical procedures (e.g. intrauterine device insertion, hysteroscopy, and fertility procedures).[1]
Ask your doctor if they recommend the Carevix[TM]
Aspivix conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 100 Swiss women at Geneva University Hospitals and Lausanne University Hospital to compare the CarevixTM to the tenaculum during an IUD insertion.[2] This clinical trial measured the practitioner’s perspective on the usability and efficacy, the patient’s sense of pain at different points throughout the insertion, the number of placement attempts and spontaneous releases, and an assessment of bleeding or other adverse events.[5] Results showed that women reported significantly lower pain levels when using the Carevix.TM Specifically, 52% less pain during cervix grasping, 53% less during cervix stabilization, 30% less during IUD insertion, and 33% less during cervix release. Overall, rates of bleeding subsequent to the procedure decreased by 78%.[2] Aspivix’s study was shared at the 16th Congress of the European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health and the CarevixTM is now FDA-Cleared for the U.S. market and authorized in the UK.
The practice of gynecology is historically rooted in racist and misogynistic experiments. The continuation of unnecessary procedures that discomfort the patient acts as a barrier to accessing healthcare. Out of women who choose against getting an IUD, 18% report the fear of pain as their reason for refusal.[4] In order to achieve healthcare equity, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of medical innovation and revision. We can support medical research by making monetary contributions, participating in clinical trials, and spreading education and awareness.
[2] “Clinical data show significantly lower IUD procedural pain and bleeding rates with aspivix’s novel suction-based cervical device”. (2022, May 25,). PR Newswire. Retrieved Jan 2, 2024, from https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/clinical-data
[3] Lambert, T., Truong, T., & Gray, B. (2019). Pain perception with cervical tenaculum placement during intrauterine device insertion: A randomised controlled trial. BMJ. https://10.1136/bmjsrh-2019-200376
[4] “Tenaculum: For over 100 years women have endured pain in gynecology”. (2020, Oct 28,). Aspivix. Retrieved Jan 2, 2024, from https://www.aspivix.com/tenaculum-for-over-100- years-women-have-endured-pain-in-gynecology/#:~:text=Inspired%20by%20the%20shape%20o f,changed%20and%20persists%20till%20today
Women’s Mental Health Benefits of Volunteering and Helping the Community
Makayla Anderson
January 2024
Volunteering is a vital source in how the community runs, and how things happen today. A common assumption about volunteering is that volunteering is all about others and that volunteers are being selfless. While the idea of helping others is just this way, the effects say otherwise. Volunteering and helping the community can have a positive impact on women’s mental health. Not only does volunteering provide a sense of purpose and fulfillment, but it also allows for social and mental connection to the community, and the opportunity to make a difference in the world, one step at a time.
Spending time outdoors, with friends, or with your own joyful company can do wonders for your mind.
Studies have shown that volunteering can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as increase overall life satisfaction. Volunteering can also provide a sense of belonging while helping out and increase self-esteem in women. In addition to this, volunteering can assist women in building new life skills and also experience personal growth along the way. Furthermore, volunteering in your community can provide a break from the stressors of your everyday life. Moreover, volunteering can allow you to make a shift in your perspective and outlook on life. For instance, while helping out at a local food shelf, you may notice how many people in your community would go without food to eat, if you had not helped stock the shelves or donated some canned goods. All of these circumstances could change your outlook on how precious some luxuries you have are.
Overall, volunteering and helping the community can be a powerful tool and mechanism for women to improve their mental health and well-being. Volunteering is always a win-win situation, as not only do you benefit from helping out, but the community also benefits from the contributions of volunteers.
References
[1] “Women and Mental Health – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (nih.gov)”
[2] “Mental Health | Office on Women’s Health (womenshealth.gov)”
